Customer Service At Wal Mart - 1321 Words

Customer Service Customers are at the core of our success and must be treated with respect. Every customer. Every situation. Every day. Wal-Mart’s reputation is important to the Company s long-term success. For this reason, every employee is obligated to: †¢ Treat all customers fairly and honestly †¢ Communicate with customers in a respectful and helpful manner †¢ Provide prompt and accurate customer service Dress Code A professional appearance and appropriate personal hygiene are an expectation of Wal-Mart Corporation. Employees are expected to report to work personally clean and wearing clothes that are in good condition. Employees must be sensitive to the needs of co-workers regarding perfumes, colognes and personal body odor. Your†¦show more content†¦The relationship must be voluntary, and both employees must act responsibly and professionally while at work. Additionally, Wal-Mart Corporation will not tolerate relationships that involve marital infidelity or that involve a managerial relationship between two individuals. If a manager relationship exists, one of the involved parties must agree to a transfer to an open available position. If no position is available, the company may have to take more drastic action to protect against any conflicts of interest which might be created. To ensure that these relationships do not violate the company’s Anti-Harassment policy, employees who enter into such relationships must notify the Human Resources Department of the relationship, as well as comply with all other aspects of the Consensual Relationships Policy. Enforcement and Obey the law We will obey the laws of the countries and communities in which we conduct business. Ignorance of the law is not an excuse for noncompliance, nor is the assertion that â€Å"everyone else is doing it.† Alcohol and Drug Use To provide employees with a safe workplace and ensure the safety and trust of the public, the company has adopted a policy that neither condones nor tolerates behaviors of employees that are inappropriate for the workplace. Behaviors that might result in discipline, up to and including termination, include: Using illegal drugs or the improper use of

The Pain of Samples of Essay Proposals

The Pain of Samples of Essay Proposals In the event your proposal can result in some outcomes that aren't assumed, designate them. The treatments will be set in a pot. Then it states the purpose, hypothesis, a review of the methodology, and the other necessary parameters related to it. Another crucial aspect is the interest which you have in this issue. What You Need to Know About Samples of Essay Proposals Usually, a proposal for virtually any activity follows the exact same format. In most instances, students ran into trouble anytime they must manage complex research papers. The ways they should be taught about their health. Each student must choose one reading that we've done so far or will read later on, and no 2 students may select the identical work. Now you have a notion about what a proposal essay is and the way to pick the ideal topic to compose your own essay, here are a few examples of proposal essay topics. Explore the subject in terms of what it is that you' re curious about. Because proposal essays are a sort of argumentative essay, you would like to be certain the essay is worthy of an argument. Be certain to inspect the course out so that you can write the finest personal essay possible. Now you are aware that proposal essay has to be done utilizing the prescribed form. Fill-in expert proposal template offers you an outline to follow and make it less difficult to organize your information in the right format. If you've got few proposal essay suggestions for your academic assignment, make sure you've ironed out all of the unnecessary elements and only the effective ones. Moreover, all ideas borrowed from any sort of publication has to be cited properly. The Fight Against Samples of Essay Proposals Proposals aim to get accepted by the people involved. All of which demands a proposal. Solicited proposals is an answer to any particular application that is issued by any organization. There are several types of proposals, like a budget proposal and event proposal. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. Writing a proposal, you've got to make sure that all is well considered. Writing a proposal isn't simple. Proposals from former students are offered on the department website and can be reviewed to help you in developing your proposal. Nevertheless, any sort of proposal must stick to the exact fundamental criteria. Proposals are written for different reasons and they're able to stick to an assortment of formats. Such Sample Proposals of research paper should be impressive to convince them to put money into such activities so the research goes smoothly. Getting the Best Samples of Essay Proposals Outside of an educational setting, proposal essays are usually only written as a way of solving an issue, or showing one potential method to fix an issue. When writing an investment proposal, you're aiming to convince someone to fund your idea or company. Your proposal needs to be written in order to match a particular style, which vari es in accordance to your intended audience. For instance, how to make the absolute most out of your Saturday afternoon isn't a fantastic topic (although all of us know it's sleeping in and watching cartoons). The Honest to Goodness Truth on Samples of Essay Proposals Gender Equality The undertaking will definite involve women that are always in the home the majority of the time. The objective of the project research proposal is to showcase the and justify the should conduct a project research and the practical ways the project research should be put into place. For example, let's say you wish to compose a proposal in which you try to convince folks to commence a dolphin preservation program. The Tried and True Method for Samples of Essay Proposals in Step by Step Detail Our writers can take care of any paper irrespective of the essence of the discipline. Poverty is just one of such abstract concepts that may be interpreted in the most various methods and from various approach es. Effectiveness and eloquence have the essence! Bear in mind, proposal essays serve a purpose beyond academia. Samples of Essay Proposals and Samples of Essay Proposals - The Perfect Combination Utilizing a writing service is the best method to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to guarantee the essays you write are hitting each one of the vital points and are at the appropriate depth needed for your academic grade. The author of the proposal essay should create the reader think that the idea represented in the text is the reality. Always make certain to have a look at the review my essay section of any writing service website you're thinking of using. Proposal page three is something which ought to be banned because it's an outdated characteristic of the newspaper which blatantly goes against the essence of the paper as stated by its publishers.

Sigmund Freud Essay Society And Discontent Example For Students

Sigmund Freud Essay Society And Discontent The movie Friday is a comedy, but it also depicts many important socialissues. The story is set in the city of Los Angelos, California, in whatcould be called a high class ghetto. The main theme of the movie is about ayoung black man who looses hisjob and is influenced by his best friend to smoke marijuana. The movie alsoshows the relationships of his family and other members of his neighborhood. With a zany cast of characters and a hilarious script this movie touches oneverything from gang vlence to the use of drugs, crime, guns, relationships, sex and life in theghetto. Because of all these issues, I found this an interesting movie witha wide variety of topics to address. Marijuana has been around for a long time. Its use is once again becomingpopular. Although its not legal, many people use it socially and formedicinal purposes. The Hollywood elite smoke it. Musicians such as Dr. Dreand the Black Crows celebraits use. Television shows like Saturday Night Live and Kids In the Halldepict it as harmless fun. Marijuana fashion has grown into a ten million dollar industry, with theseven branch marijuana leaf showing up on caps, T-shirts, earrings andtattoos. Studies show that after a decade of declining drug use, marijuanause has increased sharply among gh school students and college students in the last two years (Duschbaun 8). In the movie Friday, rap star Ice Cube plays the character Craig. Craig hasnever smoked marijuana. However, his best friend Smokey smokes marijuanaeveryday. Craig looses his job, leaving him home all day with nothing to doto occupy his time. Hjust hangs out in the neighborhood with his friends. Smokey tries toconvince Craig to try some marijuana. At first Craig doesnt want to. Smokey is persistent. He points out to Craig that he doesnt have to workand doesnt have anything better to . Craig and Smokey eventually sit on the front porch and get stoned. Peerpressure is obviously the only reason Craig gives in. Actually he had otheroptions, but he chose not to use them. Common sense and a simple explanationwould have worked for aig just fine (How to Say No and Keep Your Friends 23) Everyday we are facedwith choices. It is up to us to decide whats right and wrong. Craigdecides to try it and things start to happen that he really doesnt like. Craig and Smokey get into some trouble with the neighborhood dealer, BigWorm. Smokey sells pot for him, but cant pay him the money he owes becausehe and Craig smoked the pot. Big Worm threatens them and sends a gang ofhoods after them with mache guns. They just barely escape and are scared shitless. The amount of gangviolence that can be contributed to the use and sale of illegal drugs hasrisen dramatically in the past seven years (Gates 67). Its no wonder thatthis is happening with thuse of marijuana becoming so popular again. Violence and crime are issues we hear about every day. We can watch anynews broadcast and see the evidence of these increasingly worrisome problems. In Friday, both of these issues are very apparent. Debone, the neighborhoodthief and bully is cotantly harassing the people in Craigs neighborhood. He breaks into theirhomes, steals their possessions, beats people up to take their jewelry andother items and is just generally a pain in everyones ass. He is the mostviolent person in the movieCraig gets into a fight with him and pulls a gun on Debone. Craig feelsconfused and not sure what to do. His father convinces him to give him thegun. He insists that Craig should fight like a man with his fists. I dontthink that was very good aice. Debone was twice as big as Craig and probably 100 pounds heavier. Theydo fight and surprisingly Craig wins. You would think that most problems canbe solved without violent acts. The reality is that sometimes, under certaincircumstances, thatust doesnt work. Obviously, this was one of those times. .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 , .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .postImageUrl , .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 , .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63:hover , .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63:visited , .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63:active { border:0!important; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63:active , .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63 .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9539c8aaf6c7fd16d302a856f9f40c63:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Unsuitable Job For A Woman: Two Detectives EssaySexual promiscuity was also depicted in this movie. Craigs neighbor has anaffair with a preacher. His sisters friend sleeps around to get drugs. Smokey puts the moves on anything in a skirt. To so blatantly condone thiskind of behavior is repulse. With the rampant spread of the Aids virus and other sexually transmitteddiseases anyone with common sense

What was Jesus’ basic message and mission an Example by

What was Jesus’ basic message and mission Introduction Many people tried to ask themselves these questions; who was Jesus, his role and his mission? But they could not get answers to them. Some people believed Jesus was the Son of God while others believe he was the son of a carpenter- Joseph. These people could not just understand how a virgin woman could give birth to a baby. The Romans did not understand why he preached about the word of god who was unknown to them. They opposed his teachings because they thought that they posed a great danger to the future of the Roman Empire. They wondered on what capacity he preached to the multitudes to repent their sins so that they could be heirs to the kingdom of heaven. In this essay, I will critically look at exactly who was Jesus Christ, his role here on earth and his mission and Ill try to unravel all these mysteries. Need essay sample on "What was Jesus basic message and mission" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed First, Jesus said that he came to seek and save the sinners but he did not come for the holy ones. Thus, he was only concerned with those who were not yet saved from these eternal miseries. He also preached that he did not come to seek earthly values but for the kingdom of heaven. He did this by telling people that the sinners will face their punishment of eternal sufferings while the righteous will be the heirs to the kingdom of heaven, which in other words meant eternal happiness. Jesus preached that he was the truth and the only way through which you could acquire the kingdom of heaven. He tried to convince people to leave their sinful ways and stop valuing earthly belongings for neither of them would let them be the heirs of heavens. He did this by preaching about humbling yourself, helping the needy and being selfless. The poor people who had nothing to lose warmly embraced the message he conveyed to the multitude. But to the rich who were being challenged by this message felt that the teachings were meant to eliminate them. Thus they started opposing and criticizing these teachings. This is what eventually culminated in to his betrayal and finally the crucification. In his message, he greatly criticized and attacked some behaviour, which were being practiced by some religious fellows. At one time he complained of people having made the temple of the lord a market place and he was forced or he felt much obliged to whip them out of the church. Those who benefited from those immoral activities felt that Jesus and his mission were against them so, they resulted to open hostility against him and his teachings as well as all his followers. Because of the failure of the roman leaders to understand the character of Jesus Christ and his role in the world, the Roman governor -Pilate was easily convinced that Jesus who claimed to be the son of God and his followers or disciples were against him and could soon terminate his kingdom. Thus, the Roman Empire ordered him to be arrested, tortured and then crucified on the cross. In his preaching, Jesus had already prophesied that one of his disciples would betray him to be crucified and that after the third day; he would rise from his grave and ascend to heaven. This was something that was believed by his followers. What the Romans wanted was to verify whether these claims were true or false. Even one of them said, Truly this was the son of god. He said this when the earth shook and lights disappeared when he was dying. Everything that had been prophesied occurred. This is today what forms the basis of Christianity. The values of Christianity were different from those of the pagan Roman world in that the Romans were brutal and appeared to be uncivilized. This was evident by the way the enslaved prisoners of war and sinners were punished but according to the Christianity they were expected to forgive and treat their neighbors. Also, whereas the Romans joined the combat so that they could earn their living, Jesus preached against these earthly values. The Romans were of this principal-an eye for an eye or a tooth for a tooth. This maxim was similar to the Law of Moses but was contrary to principle of Christianity, which stated that you should forgive those that do you wrong. It is evident that there was a difference in values because when a highway robber that was said to have mugged a man was killed. This was an act of revenge. In the Roman Empire there were two categories or classes of people- upper class and lower class. This was a thing that was perpetuated by the Roman laws. The upper class wanted to preserve their status quo were opposed to the idea of losing earthly belongings, which was being preached by the Christians. In the Christians view, all people were equal in the eyes of God. So, the idea of classes was foreign to them. There were various reasons why the Romans felt that Christianity threatened them. First it is because they knew that if they accepted Christianity then they would cease being leaders and start following Jesus Christ. Also they were not happy because of the way many people had joined Christianity and thus stopping being royal to the Roman government. They knew that no leader could ever claim to be great if he cannot command a big following. Thus, they realized that the only way of reversing the situation was by checking the spread of Christianity. These teachings of loving your neighbor, helping the sick and the needy ones were totally different from those of the roman pagans who were insensitive to the needs of others. Thus, they saw this as a challenge that would bring a revolution to their empire if it was let to prosper. According to Romans, private affairs were not encouraged whereas the Christians led life of privacy. They refused to mix with others freely. Romans being inhuman saw this. The roman pagans were also threatened because Christians were against the idea of worshipping gods. Christians believed only in one God thus, they refused to bow down to the roman gods. Christianity came with the birth of Jesus Christ. Despite the resistance that it met in the Roman Empire, it spread and eventually brought the pagan empire down. The teachings of Christ crashed with those of the Romans. For example, Christians believed in eternal life, no value for earthly kingdom, humbleness and forgiving those who do wrong to us. All these were contrary to those of the Romans who believed that there was nothing like eternal life. To them there was nothing like forgiving and they wanted to preserve their status quo. Jesus was believed to have come to save the sinners, a sentiment that was not shared by the Romans. His teachings which were greatly embraced by the poor did not amuse the rich who felt that they would lose their properties thus they misled The Roman Governor Pontius Pilate to order for his arrest and crucification on the cross. After the death of Christ death, Christianity as a religion became stronger but it was on the verge of dying when Apostle Paul came to its rescue. Initially Paul was called Saul because he used to persecute Christians but later he stopped this. Paul believed that the kingdom of heaven belonged to those who needed it and that there would be a judgment day when sinners and the righteous would be judged. According to Zambus Inc, The foundations of western civilization in the ancient world, a diary 164, Seneca tries to describe the gladiatorial shows that were held in the Roman Empire. The gladiators at first they were either criminals or prisoners of war. Later, even free men started to participate because of poverty. These freemen sought for formal training in public institutions like schools. In his diary, Seneca talks of how he chanced to go to the arena to relax his mind when he witnessed a dangerous game where murder was the ultimate goal. Men wore no fighting costumes and every blow was leveled on a bare body. He says that the Roman society was brutal. Men were made to face wild animals like lions and bears, at noon they were made to face their fellow men and spectators really derived joy from these games. The result of every game was death of humans. Seneca also gives an eye account of how men shouted at a man who was said to be a robber who used to mug people on the highways. People wanted him to be punished by death. They were saying that if he killed people, he too should be killed. He likened these shows to a market where people exchanged vengeance for vengeance as if they were commodities. People wanted no other form of entertainment apart from watching men die. After one game was over they begged for other men to be put in the death chamber- arena, they only dreamt of seeing blood shed. According to Seneca, this was how the Roman society was. They were used to this kind of life. In the foundations of western civilization in the ancient world- Christians in the Roman Empire, Zambus inc, letter Pliny the Younger who was a governor to the Roman Empire was writing to the emperor Trajan to notify him of his policies and to seek for some advice concerning the Christian who denounced them. Zambus Inc166, Pliny describes to Trajan the process he follows in making his decisions. He says that if a victim is said to have denounced him, he first of all tries to establish whether he is a Christian or not. If the victim confesses it, he repeats the question again threatening him by death. If the victim still insists that he/she is not ready to change his stand then, he ordered him/her to be executed or killed. He also says than even Roman citizens who became Christians also faced the same punishment. This letter, which was sent to Trajan by Pliny the Younger, was much appreciated by Trajan who positively recommended the punishment. He goes ahead to thank him for being innovative inventing new laws. Trajan does this by telling Pliny that it is hard to have fixed standards at all times. Trajan emphasizes that if they are found guilty, they must be punished but if they denounce Christianity and prove it then, on the grounds of repentance they should be should be pardoned or excused Trajan also emphasized that no information whatsoever would be accepted if it had no accusers name attached to it. Such information should not be acted upon. In conclusion we have seen how the Romans lived, behaved and treated their fellow Christians. They tried very hard to suppress Christianity but finally they were defeated. The Romans were totally inhuman to Christians. During their reign most Christians were persecuted but this did not deter them from moving on. Reference: Zambus Inc, The Foundations of Western Foundations in the Ancient World

The Crazy HOrse Electric Game essays

The Crazy HOrse Electric Game essays The story starts of while they are playing their first baseball game of the season against the Crazy Horse Electrics. They decide to put beer in the opposition team's water bottles as a prank, so that they could win. After that Willie decides to go fishing with his dad. They have deep conversations, and they start talking about why Willie's mom does not fish like she used too. Then they get into talking about Missy, Willie's little sister who died of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). After that the book cuts into another baseball game, they are playing against the Crazy Horse Electrics. Sal, a big guy on the Crazy Horse, and Johnny get into a verbal argument, and then Johnny says something personal about him and he wound up and decked Johnny one. They break it up and continue the game. When Willie was about to pitch he looses his balance and Sal hits a good pitch. Then out of pure luck and talent, Willie stretches himself out and robs Sal of a sure triple. Willie become s a minor legend. On their way home from school Jenny and Willie hook up. Then on the weekend, Jenny, Johnny, Willie and his family decide to go to the lake. Willie and Jenny set the table for a picnic when Johnny is out skiing. Willies mom complains about him never being safe enough. Next it is Willie's turn to water-ski. As Willie was doing a 360Â ° turn, he caught the tips of his skis under the water and he crashed. Willies dad was in shock, Jenny had to give Willie mouth to mouth, and save his life. The left the boat, got into the vehicle, and drove to the hospital. Willie ends up with a speech impediment, and problems walking. He ends up doing crazy things, like acid, and drinking. He talks to a counselor whom he really likes. Willie does not want to go into a Special Ed class that the school is referring him to. He feels hopeless, and even jealous of his girlfriend for her athletics. He tries to play racquetball, but his dad gets fru...

Introduction to New England Colonial Architecture

Introduction to New England Colonial Architecture When the British landed on the shores of the New World, they not only brought place names from England (e.g., Portsmouth, Salisbury, Manchester), but the colonists also carried the knowledge of building traditions and architectural styles. The religious separatists we call Pilgrims arrived in 1620, quickly followed by a group of Puritans in 1630, who settled in what became the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Using whatever materials they could find, the immigrants constructed timber-framed houses with steep roofs. Other settlers from Great Britain spread throughout Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island, building rustic dwellings like the ones they had known in their homeland. They colonized land that became New England. The earliest dwellings were likely hastily-constructed sheds and cabins - the recreation of the Plymouth Colony shows us this. Then, shoring up against the cold New England winters, colonists built single-story Cape Cod houses with massive chimneys placed at the center. As families grew, some colonists built larger two-story homes, still to be seen in communities like  Strawbery Banke on the New Hampshire coast. Colonists expanded their living space and protected their property with sloping saltbox roof additions, named after the shape of boxes used to store salt. The Daggett Farmhouse, built in Connecticut around 1750, is a good example of the saltbox roof style. Wood was plentiful in the northeastern forests of the New World. The English people who colonized New England grew up with architecture from late medieval and Elizabethan England. The British colonists were not far removed from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and medieval timber-framed houses, and they continued these building practices through the 1600s and well into the 1700s. The 1683 Parson Capen House in Topsfield, Massachusetts is a good example of Elizabethan architecture in New England. Since these simple homes were made of wood, many burned down. Only a few have survived intact, and fewer still have not been remodeled and expanded. New England Colonial Types Styles Architecture in Colonial New England went through many phases and can be known by various names. The style is sometimes called post-medieval, late medieval, or first period English. A New England Colonial home with a sloping, shed-like roof is often called a Saltbox Colonial. The term Garrison Colonial describes a New England Colonial home with a second story that juts out over the lower level. The historic 1720 Stanley-Whitman House in Farmington, Connecticut is described as a post-medieval style, because of its second-story overhang, but a later lean-to addition transformed the  Garrison Colonial into one with a saltbox-style roof. It did not take long for colonial styles of architecture to combine to form new designs. Modern Colonials Builders often imitate historic styles. You may have heard words like New England Colonial, Garrison Colonial, or Saltbox Colonial used to describe modern-day homes. Technically, a house built after the American Revolution - after communities were no longer colonies of England - is not colonial. More correctly, these homes of the 19th and 20th centuries are Colonial Revival or Neocolonial. Northern versus Southern Colonial Houses Early New England colonial houses were usually located mostly along the shores of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. Remember that Vermont and Maine were not part of the 13 original colonies, although much of the architecture is similar, modified by French influences from the north. Northern colonial homes were wood framed construction, usually the plentiful white pine, with clapboard or shingle siding. Early homes were one story, but as more family arrived from Britain these starter homes became two-stories, often with steep roofs, narrow eaves, and side gables. A large, center fireplace and chimney would heat upstairs and downstairs. Some homes added the luxury of saltbox-shaped lean-to additions, used to keep wood and supplies dry. New England architecture was inspired by the beliefs of the inhabitants, and the Puritans tolerated little exterior ornamentation. The most decorative were the post-medieval styles, where the second story slightly protruded ove r the lower floor and the small casement windows would have diamond-shaped panes. This was the extent of decorative design. Beginning with the Jamestown Colony in 1607, New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies were established up and down the eastern coastline of what would become the United States. Settlers in southern regions such as Pennsylvania, Georgia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Virginia also constructed uncomplicated, rectangular homes. However, a Southern Colonial home is often made with brick. Clay was plentiful in many southern regions, which made brick a natural building material for southern colonial homes. Also, homes in the southern colonies often had two chimneys - one on each side - instead of a single massive chimney in the center. Tour New England Colonial Homesteads The New England Colonial home of Rebecca Nurse was built in the 17th century, making this giant red house a true Colonial. Rebecca, her husband, and her children moved here to  Danvers, Massachusetts around 1678. With two rooms on the first floor and two rooms on the second, a large chimney runs through the center of the main house. A kitchen lean-to addition with its own chimney was built in about 1720. Another addition was constructed in 1850. The Rebecca Nurse house has its original floors, walls, and beams. However, like most homes from this period, the house has been extensively restored. The lead restoration architect was Joseph Everett Chandler, who also oversaw the historic restorations at the Paul Revere House in Boston and the House of Seven Gables in Salem. Rebecca West is an interesting figure in American history for being a victim of the Salem Witch Trials- in 1692 she was accused, tried, and executed for practicing witchcraft. Like many historic homes throughout New England, the Rebecca Nurse Homestead is open to the public for tours. Many of New Englands finest colonial homes are open to the public. The Hoxie House in Sandwich, Massachusetts was built in 1675 and is said to be the oldest house still standing on Cape Cod. The Jethro Coffin House, built in 1686, is the oldest house on Nantucket.  The home of author Louisa May Alcott, Orchard House in Concord, Massachusetts, is a good example of farmhouses built between 1690 and 1720. The town of Salem, Massachusetts is a museum itself, with the House of Seven Gables (1668) and the Jonathan Corwin House (1642), also known as the Witch House, being two popular tourist attractions.  A Boston home built in 1680 and once owned by American patriot Paul Revere is a popular post-medieval style to view. Lastly, Plimoth Plantation is the Disney-equivalent of 17th century New England living, as the visitor can experience an entire village of the primitive huts that started it all. Once you get a taste of Colonial American house styles, youll know some of what has made Ame rica strong. COPYRIGHT: The articles you see on these pages are copyrighted. You may link to them, but do not copy them in a blog, web page, or print publication without permission. Sources Architecture of New England and the Southern Colonies by Valerie Ann Polino, http://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1978/4/78.04.03.x.html [accessed July 27, 2017]English Colonial Domestic Architecture of New England by Christine G. H. Franck, https://christinefranck.wordpress.com/2011/05/13/english-colonial-domestic-architecture-of-new-england/ [accessed July 27, 2017]Architectural Style Guide, Historic New England, https://www.historicnewengland.org/preservation/for-homeowners-communities/your-old-or-historic-home/architectural-style-guide/#first-period-post-medieval [accessed July 27, 2017]Virginia and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses, 1984Lester Walker. American Shelter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the American Home, 1998John Milnes Baker, AIA. American House Styles: A Concise Guide, Norton, 1994Architectural Style Guide, Boston Preservation Alliance, bostonpreservation.org/advocacy/architectural-style-guide.html [accessed July 27, 2017]

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Case Study Example The lost service charge provisions are not protected by TUPE because they are deemed to be independent contracts that have been outsourced. They are only protected when the service entails the provision of one whole activity such as catering, and when the completion of the job is credited to the company, such as the entity has no options of other service providers. The basic principle of UK law is the sale or transfer of an entity automatically brings all the contracts the entity had with the employees, and the employees have a choice on whether to continue with the new entity or resign. This makes a lot of legal sense because of the nature of a contract, which is an agreement between two parties regarding a particular subject. A contract is reached upon after considering many factors, bargaining and the future circumstance. Therefore, imposing a contract upon a secondary entity may not be fair. However, Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 (TUPE) law is lenient on employees and protects their rights but this protection is not automatic. The law has to consider the circumstances of each case to see whether the employees qualify for a protection or not. Therefore, this question applies the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) law because it touches on the transfer of an entity and also on organized group of employees. In the case of Argyll Coastal Services v Sterling and others UKEATS/0012/11/BI, the question that came up for consideration by the court was the definition of the word organized group of employees. The court contented that an organized group of employees was a particular set of employees who were less than the entire workforce of the entity concerned and who worked together as a team for the accomplishment of a particular purpose. However, on appeal, the court contended that the group was not an

Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Persuasion - Essay Example y means a change in how you think about something, but also how you behave† (Principles of Persuasion, 2009) The persuader must be a role model and should be able to show the practical ways persuasion rather than delivering lectures about it. Persuasion has many dimensions and characteristics. Self persuasion and persuasion of others are two different aspects of persuasion. The techniques used to persuade others may not be successful for self persuasion. â€Å"An issue usually has two sides. To put it another way: Usually theres another side to any story. Recognizing this principle will bring some modesty to the persuaders attitude. He will realize that there are more gray areas in the world than purely white or black† (Principles of Persuasion, 2009). Usually, while I was studying, I have not thought much about the other sides of my studies. In other words, I never approached my studies in a critical manner. Whatever the written facts about a particular topic have been learned in a straight forwards manner. But after realising the persuasion principle mentioned above, I have changed my entire attitudes towards my studies and course works. I have realized that normally the knowledge sources provide only one side (White) of the facts and in order to complete our knowledge we need to find out the other side (Black) of the fact and also the one in between these two sides of the facts (Gray). For example, we all know that terrori sm is a serious issue, current world is facing. Most of the articles and the news papers will give us volumes of literatures about the darker sides of terrorism. But only limited people explore the brighter sides of terrorism. America is currently using the war against terrorism for executing their secret mission in Afghanistan and Iraq. Many people believe that the current war against terrorism is aimed at exploiting the oil, natural resources and fresh water resources of these countries. The gray side of terrorism is the reasons behind

Policy and Strategy in Global Competition Essay Example for Free

Policy and Strategy in Global Competition Essay Discussion Question 11.1: Why is it important for an organization to have alignment between its strategy and organizational structure? The relationship between an organization’s strategy and structure are extremely important because it â€Å"directly impacts a firm’s performance† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 309). Also, as an organization grows, it should reevaluate the current strategy and structure to ensure that it remains the optimal choice for the organization (Rothaermel, 2013). The four types of organizational structures, listed in order of least to most complex according to Rothaermel (2013), are: (1) simple, (2) functional, (3) multidivisional, and (4) matrix. The simple structure is for small firms or organizations that are just starting out (Rothaermel, 2013). The decision-making structure is quite flat, as â€Å"the founders tend to make all the important strategic decisions† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 309). Growth will often cause the higher-ups to feel overwhelmed under this type of structure, requiring the organization to adopt a different, more complex structure (Rothaermel, 2013). A functional structure groups employees into teams, allowing for increased decision-making at lower levels of the managerial chain (Rothaermel, 2013). The opportunity for specialization allows for the functional structure to be employed with each of the business-level strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, or integration (Rothaermel, 2013). One of the hurdles to overcome would be the likely increase in difficulties which arise from departmentalization of the varying teams (Rothaermel, 2013). The best way to overcome such a hurdle is through cross-functional teams (Rothaermel, 2013). Whenever the organization seeks greater diversification, into varying product lines and service offerings, it will likely look into utilizing a multidivisional structure (Rothaermel, 2013). Under this structure, the organization is further compartmentalized  into strategic business units (â€Å"SBUs†) which are governed by their own profit-and-loss (â€Å"PL†) responsibilities (Rothaermel, 2013). At this level, each of the SBUs is viewed as its own independent entity, pursuing its own profit-creating goals (Rothaermel, 2013). While organizations with a corporate-level strategy with a single or dominant business would be best served by a functional structure, organizations seeking related or unrelated diversification would be wise to utilize a multidivisional structure (Rothaermel, 2013). Lastly, the matrix structure is a combination of the functional and multidivisional structures (Rothaermel, 2013). It is most appropriate when an organization needs a structure which allows for both centralized and decentralized decision-making, and can be organized by geographic areas and product divisions (Rothaermel, 2013). While a global strategy does not automatically lend to a matrix structure, a transnational strategy which has the requirements above is better served through a matrix structure (Rothaermel, 2013). Discussion Question 11.3(a): What commonalities across the products would likely be enhanced by flexible cross-functional teams? Gore has product lines which include consumer products like guitar strings and vacuum filters, cables and cable assemblies, electronic and electrochemical materials, fabrics, fibers, filtration products, medical products, pharmaceutical processing, sealants, and venting products (Gore, 2015). Its product lines are used in industries ranging from aerospace and automotive to military and textiles (Gore, 2015). Gore utilizes cross-functional teams to help develop its many products within varying lines (Rothaermel, 2013). Cross-functional teams allow for individuals from differing functional areas within an organization to temporarily come together and work on a particular project (Rothaermel, 2013). These teams would allow for the differing products, though developed for a particular function, to be developed for use in more than one of the organization’s products (Rothaermel, 2013). As an example, the cables developed for aeronautics can likely be used in other electronic or automotive applications if developed by members from the appropriate cross-functional teams. Discussion Question 11.3(b): What would be your expectations of the type of norms found at W. L. Gore? Organizational norms â€Å"define appropriate employee attitudes and behaviors† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 318). The norms which exist at Gore likely arise from founder imprinting,  which means that Bill Gore, the founder of W. L. Gore Associates, has helped to establish and define the company’s culture (Rothaermel, 2013). The organization’s four core values, stated succinctly, are: (1) fairness, (2) freedom, (3) individual commitment, and (4) consultation and collaboration (Rothaermel, 2013). These values, coupled with the open nature of the organization’s structure, result in organizational norms which encourage the free exchange of ideas and collaboration up and down the organizational ladder (Rothaermel, 2013). Employees, associates as they are called at Gore, likely show great respect to one another and to the customers for whom their products are developed (Rothaermel, 2013). Chapter 12 Discussion Question 12.1: How can a firm lower the chances that key managers will pursue their own self-interest at the expense of the stockholders? At the expense of the employees? Corporate governance tools are utilized to help align the interests of principals and agents, or organizations and employees (Rothaermel, 2013). A board of directors is one such tool which helps to prevent key managers to avoid pursuing their own self-interest at the expense of the stockholders (Rothaermel, 2013). A board of directors is independent, made up of both inside and outside directors, and answers directly to the shareholders (Rothaermel, 2013). Another tool is executive compensation which links compensation to the performance of the company (Rothaermel, 2013). This means that the CEO would receive certain stock options in lieu of pay (Rothaermel, 2013). If the company’s stocks are doing well, likely showing that the company is successfully operating, then the CEO receives greater value in the stock options (Rothaermel, 2013). The concept of the market as a corporate control has the potential to protect both stockholders’ and employees’ interests through a key manager’s fear of being replaced if the company performs poorly (Rothaermel, 2013). If a company is not performing well, then the stock prices will begin to plummet, increasing the opportunity for an entity to purchase enough shares to exert significant control over the company (Rothaermel, 2013). Such control would likely result in the removal of current management, and possibly the dismantling of the organization (Rothaermel, 2013). This clearly injures the management, employees, and shareholders of the failing organization. As  such, managers are motivated by the external market to perform well, thereby protecting the interests of stockholders and employees alike (Rothaermel, 2013). Discussion Question 12.2: Why are these two roles typically separated? Is it a positive development for so many firms to have a combined CEO and board chair? The two roles of management and ownership are typically separated to ensure that the board of directors maintains its necessary independence (Rothaermel, 2013). Where a board of directors is   The decline stage differs from those above, as it introduces four strategic options for firms to pursue: (1) exit, (2) harvest, (3) maintain, and (4) consolidate (Rothaermel, 2013). The exit strategy is precisely as it says: it involves the firm choosing to leave the market to pursue other endeavors (Rothaermel, 2013). The harvest strategy means that the firm will still sell the product or service, but will reduce the level of investment in its maintenance and development (Rothaermel, 2013). The maintain strategy is also exactly what it sounds like: the firm continues offering the product or service at the same level as it has been, despite the declining demand (Rothaermel, 2013). The consolidate strategy involves the purchasing of rivals in an effort to shrink the industry, which provides firms employing this strategy to reach near-monopolistic status (Rothaermel, 2013). References Rothaermel, F. T. (2013). Strategic Management. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Walmart. Our story. Retrieved on January 25, 2015, from http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/

The Kings Pride Depicted in Shakespeares King Lear :: Free Essay Writer

When one examines the words â€Å"pride† and â€Å"self-respect†, it is possible one may assume that the two are identical in meaning. That the words go hand in hand like butter and bread. For quite some time I was pondering on the meaning of the two words â€Å"pride† and â€Å"self-respect†. The more consideration I put into the two the deeper I was in a maze of confusion. After a long thought on the subject I had come to my own conclusion. The difference between â€Å"pride† and â€Å"self-respect† is not in class as many believe but in quantity. While the word â€Å"proud† may be perceived as arrogant or conceited, â€Å"self respect† does the modification of the person under discussion. Self-respect can be thus referred to as the sophisticated form of one’s ego or pride. A person with self-respect is not necessarily egoistic as he or she may lead you to believe but is full of assertiveness, confidence and self-efficacy. One who carries pride is an illusion of superiority. Self-respect can be classified as the â€Å"dignity† of a person. One with self-respect would not show inferiority but at times of need would seek help and his ego would not be a barrier to doing so. When we say pride and self-respect have a fine line of differentiation then I mean, if pride is honorable, then it is not pride but self-respect. It does not ruin the person, if stays within the ego. If pride exits without the feeling of superiority or if pride allows respect towards the other person’s self respect then pride is allowing the person to be open to new things. Therefore pride is not pride actually but it is self-respect. In Shakespeare's â€Å"King Lear†, the tragic hero is brought down, like all tragic heroes, by one fatal flaw; in this case it is pride, as well as foolishness. It is the King's arrogant demand for absolute love and, what's more, protestations of such from the daughter who truly loves him the most, that sets the stage for his downfall. Cordelia, can be seen as Lear’s one true love, and her love and loyalty go not only beyond that of her sisters but beyond words, thus enraging the proud King Lear whose response is: "Let pride, which she calls plainness, marry her". Here, Lear's pride is emphasized as he indulges in the common trend of despising in others what one is most embarrassed of oneself.

The Nature of Social Theory

Motivating employees to give feedback on goals, objectives and operations of the organization. Developing a worker-advising program that provides ideas for motivating the workforce. Developing tutorial and training programs through dialogue, information sharing and feedback. We discuss the nature of social theory throughout this paper. Here, we simply note its foundational assumption that ‘there is potential for mischief when the interests of owners and 1 For example, many of the criticisms of appraisal interviews focus on the perceptual biases that people bring to them. These include the halo error, the crony effect, the doppelganger effect and the Veblen effect. They are discussed by (Grint, 1993) and (Roberson et al 2007), among many others. We do not suggest that these problems can be explained primarily by the influence of agency theory. 3 those of managers diverge. In those circumstances†¦ managers may be able to extract higher rents than would otherwise be accorded them by owners of the firm' (Dalton,, 2007). As this paper focuses on two types of employees temporary and Permanent. An employment situation, where an employee is expected to remain in a position for a certain period of time. Temporary employees may have the opportunity to achieve permanent employment status after the time period has lapsed; Temporary workers may also be referred to as seasonal employees or temps. Employment term may be based on the completion of a project, the availability of funding, or other circumstances (Bloch, 1995). Many of the studies have different perceptions when defining of temporary employees. For example, temporary employees have been called as â€Å"flexible staffing employees† (Houseman, 2001), â€Å"contingent workers† (Blank, 1998), and â€Å"non-standard workers† (Kalleberg et al., 1997). A study by Feldman (1995) defines temporary employees as persons who are hired for a finite period on a needed basis. Polivka and Nardone (1989: 11) provided more understanding on defining temporary employees: they classified temporary employees as â€Å"individuals who do not have an explicit or implicit contract for long-term employment or have one in which the minimum hours of work can different in non-systematic way†. A permanent employee differs from a term or temporary employee, both of which have a pre-determined period of employment (Gallagher, 2002). Permanent employees, regular employees or the directly employed, work for an employer and are paid directly by that employer. Permanent (regular) employees do not have a predetermined end date to employment. In addition to their wages, they often receive benefits like subsidized health care, paid vacations, holidays, sick time, or contributions to a retirement plan. Permanent employees are often eligible to switch job positions within their companies. (Peck, 2000) Even when employment is â€Å"at will†, permanent employees of large companies are generally protected from abrupt job termination by severance policies, like advance notice in case of layoffs, or formal discipline procedures. They may be eligible to join a union, and may enjoy both social and financial benefits of their employment (Cranford, 2003) Social Exchange Theories According to De Cuyper et al. (2008), there is no available theoretical framework to check the effects of short term employment. ON the other side, general psychological theories offer a good starting point for the analyses, although these have mostly been developed against the scenery of the permanent employment relationship. These can be divided in two main groups: work stress models, and social comparison or social exchange theories. The social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954) is the idea that there is a drive within individuals to look to outside images in order to evaluate their own opinions and abilities. These images may be a reference to physical reality or in comparison to other people. People look to the images portrayed by others to be obtainable and realistic, and subsequently, make comparisons among themselves, others and the idealized images. In his initial theory, Festinger hypothesized several things. He indicated that humans are compelled to appraise themselves by probing their opinions and abilities in assessment of others. He further said that the inclination to evaluate oneself with some other specific other person decreases as the differentiation between his opinion or ability and the other's own become more deviating. He also hypothesized that there was an upward drive towards achieving greater abilities, but that there are non-social restraints which make it nearly impossible to change them, and that this was largely absent in opinions (Festinger, 1954). The individuals who are similar were better in generating accurate evaluations of abilities and opinions.Work stress models helps us to explain the consequences of short term employment by defining specific characteristics that make short term workers more vulnerable to suffer work related stress (see De Cuyper et al., 2008). There are three related variables. First, contractual employees are peripheral to the organization, meaning that they are not the main important concern of the employers regarding different aspects such as benefits, wages, promotion or further training. This thought is advanced in theories such as the Flexible Firm model (Atkinson, 1984, cited in Valverde et al., 2000) and the Dual Labour Market model. The resulting bad working conditions for the contractual employees can cause a consequence, a decrease in the worker's welfare and performance appraisal at the workplace (Rousseau & Libuser, 1997). Therefore contractual workers have fewer possibilities for deciding how to perform their work, to use specific skills or to make any other kind of decisions within the workplace (De Witte & Nà ¤swall, 2003). In addition, since contractual employees are new members of the organization, they have to understand processes and aspects of the organization growing another potential source of stress (see De Cuyper et al., 2008). The lack of support from partners, supervisors or even the coworkers (De Witte & Nà ¤swall, 2003) can also be a part of stress and strain to wellbeing. The third component is the lack of control that contractual employees experience regarding the demands of the employer (or employers)2.2 Gap AnalysisBuilt up conceptual model where two impacting components performance appraisal was the independent variable and perceived whereas the dependent variable was organization commitment. They have proposed that relationship of these influencing factors on is researched as empirically/quantitatively. They have utilized case study based approach to create this model. They have proposed that by utilizing the questionnaire on a Lickert Scale, data should be gathered and on the basis of the response from the respondents, results should be analyzed statistically so that the true outcome can be achieved. Research GapShockingly very little examination has been on performance appraisal politics and organizational commitment A little work is done to characterize connection among organizational commitment and performance appraisal politics but work is done on performance appraisal that incorporate fairness element (Linde, 2015). In fast changing environment and economy, performance appraisal is very essential component. Our studies can be conducted on other industries in Pakistan to explore the effects of PAP on OC that attract to understand the employment relationship (Arshad, Masood,Amin 2013). Surprisingly, very a few researches have been done study on how this performance appraisal effects on long term and short term employees. Early studies on performance appraisal were only directed towards the whole employees without focusing on segmentation of both the long and short term employees. 2.3. HypothesesH : Performance appraisal politics has insignificant impact on permanent employee's organizational commitment.H2 : Performance appraisal politics has insignificant impact on contractual employee's organizational commitment.

Human Rights Contemporary Issue

a)Outline the nature of the violation Torture is a serious human rights violation and is strictly prohibited by international law however it still does continue in majority of the countries around the world. Torture is an act of deliberately inflicting severe pain on someone without any legal causes. Torture is not only physical pain but also includes the act of causing mental pain as well such as threats to family or loved ones. Torture has been used as a punishment to intimidate or control a person. The term torture includes a variety of methods such as severe beatings, electric shock, sexual abuse and rape, hard labour, near suffocation etc. Torture is considered a violation of human rights under Article 5 of the UN UDHR which states ‘No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’. A location in which torture occurs is Guantanamo Bay detention camp (GTMO) in Cuba. GTMO is a detainment and detention facility of the United States located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. The facility was established by the Bush administration to hold detainees from the war in Afghanistan and later in Iraq. It is operated by the Joint Task Force Guantanamo of the United States government in Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is on the shore of Guantanamo Bay. A few torture methods being inflicted upon the detainees of GTMO includes sleep deprivation, beatings, locked in confined cold cells, sexual assault and torturing with broken glass, barbed wire and burning cigarettes )Outline the international instruments and mechanisms in place to deal with the violation, and outline how these mechanisms have been breached There are numerous laws in place to deal with events involving torture and the following are the international treaties and mechanisms that determine standards for the human right to be protected from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly . According to Article 5 of the UDHR which states that ‘No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman r degrading treatment or punishment’ torture is a human rights violation. Torture is a breach of Article 5 of the UDHR as it is an act of deliberate severe pain inflicted on someone to gain information. Methods of torture such as beatings, sexual assault, rat torture, scaphism are all cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment which are prohibited and are a breach of the UDHR. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a treaty adopted by the General Assembly. This covenant elaborates the principles laid out in the UDHR. Torture is a violation of this convention as it is prohibited under Article 7, which states ‘no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. As torture is a form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment it is classified a breach of this covenant. The United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT) and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment is an international human rights instrument, under the review of the United Nations, that aims to prevent torture around the world. It is the principal UN treaty concerned with torture. It compromises 33 articles covering the rights at stake and the enforcement mechanisms. Torture is a violation of human rights as the Article 2 of the convention prohibits torture and no exceptional circumstances whatsoever may be raised to justify torture. Torture breaches this article as it torture still exist today even though there are laws prohibiting its occurrence. The Optional Protocol to the Convention Against torture (OPCAT) entered into force on 22 June 2006 and is an important addition to the UNCAT. The purpose of the protocol as stated in Article 1 is to ‘establish a system of regular visits undertaken by independent international and national bodies to places where people are deprived of their liberty, in order to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’. Torture is a breach of this Protocol because it occurs at GTMO as the detainees are treated unjustly such as being deprived of sleep and torturing of dangerous objects. The Third Geneva Convention, relative to the treatment of prisoners of war, is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. This convention defines humanitarian protection for prisoners of war. The convention states that prisoners of war ‘are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their honour’ (Article 14) and ‘must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or intimidation and against insults and public curiosity’ (Article 13). Article 17 specifies that ‘no physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of war to secure from them information of any kind whatsoever. Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to any unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind’. Therefore torture is a severe breach of this convention as it is an act of inflicting cruel inhuman pain on prisoners of war to detain information which occurs at GTMO. Even though there are various international instruments and mechanisms in place to deal with torture they are still breached which occurs at GTMO. )Analyse the effectiveness of international law in protecting the human rights you have identified International law is the body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states which are regarded and acknowledge highly by the international community. International law may be not as effective in other countries due to state sovereignty, a nation states values and interest and whether or not treaties have been signed or ratified. The core principle of international law is sovereignty. This means that no authority is legally above the state. The states are not obliged to agree to the international law and apply it within their state because of state sovereignty. This may be a reason in which why torture still exists in the world today as it has not been entirely abolished because some states have not agreed to apply the international laws dealing with torture within their state e. g. UNCAT where some states have both signed and ratified the convention, states have signed but not ratified and other states which have ot signed nor ratified the covenant such as Papua New Guinea, Angola, Zimbabwe and Iran where torture is known to still occur today. As long as state sovereignty applies the nation state cannot have any external interference and therefore cannot be influenced as to whether the nation state should apply the international law into their state or not. This limits international law from becoming affective into the nation state. Not every state will agree wit h the values as they are completely different to their own beliefs. It may be used by states to maintain positions of power and gain self interest. Therefore it is not used objectively. For example a state which disapproves of torture may agree to the international laws created to prohibit torture whereas a state which torture may occur and the leader of the state does not want to entirely prohibit torture, will not agree to the international laws as their goals and values differ of other states. If the international law does not benefit the nation state in anyway the nation state may not decide to apply that law into their nation state. So this weakens the developing and appliance of international law. The ICCPR is a covenant respecting the civil and political rights of individuals. This treaty has been signed by Cuba however it has not been ratified. Therefore the nation state does not have to entirely comply with the treaty which results in torture occurring in Cuba at GTMO and the ICCPR loses its effectiveness. This is because no external interference can influence to comply with the treaty and prohibit torture occurring at GTMO. OPCAT is an addition to UNCAT in which Cuba have yet signed or ratified. It is an international inspection system for places of detention such as GTMO. However since Cuba has not signed nor ratified the protocol OPCAT does not have the jurisdiction to inspect GTMO. This reduces the effectiveness of the international law assisting to prohibit torture occurring at GTMO. As a result of state sovereignty, a nation states values and interest and whether or not the nation state has signed and ratified the treaty international is ineffective in reducing and prohibiting torture in occurring around the world today in such places such as GTMO located in Cuba.

Profile of Husband Killer Kelly Gissendaner

Profile of Husband Killer Kelly Gissendaner Kelly Gissendaner received the death penalty after being convicted of being the mastermind behind the murder of her husband, Doug Gissendaner. Prosecutors said Gissendaner  convinced her then-lover, Greg Owens, to commit the murder. Doug Gissendaner Doug Gissendaner was born in December 1966 at Crawford Long Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the oldest of three children and the only boy. His parents, Doug Sr. and Sue Gissendaner were devoted to their children and raised them to be respectful and responsible. The children grew up in a  happy,  close-knit family. However, unlike his siblings, Doug struggled in school, and it was discovered that he was dyslexic. When he finished high school in 1985, he had grown tired of constantly fighting to pass his grades and decided against his fathers wishes to go to college. Instead, he got a job working with his hands, which is where he always felt most comfortable. Greg Owen Greg Owen was born on March 17, 1971, in Clinton, Georgia. He was the second child of four born to parents Bruce and Myrtis Owen. Their third child, David, died from sudden infant death syndrome a few weeks after his birth in 1976. Greg grew up in a volatile  home filled with alcohol and violence. His parents were constantly moving from one town to another, putting the children in the position of always being newcomers. Friendless throughout much of their childhood, the Owen kids stuck closely together. Greg was a small child and easily intimidated. Belinda was a tough cookie that often stood up against those who  decided to bully  her younger and somewhat frail brother, including Bruce, their father, who violently lashed out at the children when he was drunk. For Greg, going to school was just another place to go to get picked on. He was a loner who struggled to keep his grades up. After managing to complete the eighth grade at age 14, he dropped out and went to work. Kelly Brookshire Kelly Brookshire was born in 1968 in rural Georgia. Her brother, Shane, was born a year later. Unlike the Gissendaners idyllic family, Kellys mother and father, Maxine and Larry Brookshire, liked to drink, do speed and fight. Their marriage ended after four years, partially due to Maxines infidelity. After the divorce, it took Maxine just eight days to marry her lover, Billy Wade. Maxines second marriage played out much the same as her first marriage. There was a lot of alcohol and a lot of fighting. Wade proved to be more  abusive  than Larry and would often lock the kids in their rooms while he beat on Maxine. He also released his ferocious temper onto the children. Throughout the years that Wade was around, he choked Kelly, and both he and Maxine would hit her with belts, flyswatters, their hand and whatever was within reach. But, for Kelly, it was the  mental abuse  that caused the deepest damage. Maxine was so busy dealing with her problems that she offered no support to Kelly when Wade constantly called her stupid and ugly and told her she was unwanted and unloved. As a result, Kelly had no self-esteem and often turned to the one place she could find pleasure; deep into her mind where fantasies of a better life gave her some joy. Abused children often find a feeling of safety at being at school, but for Kelly school was just another problem she could not solve. She was often tired and unable to concentrate and had a difficult time getting through grammar school. Unharmonious Reunion When Kelly was 10 she reunited with her birth father, Larry Brookshire, but the  reunion was a disappointment  to Kelly.  She hoped to establish a father-daughter relationship with Larry, but that did not happen. After his divorce to Maxine, he remarried and had a daughter. There was no attempt on his part to fit Kelly into his new world. New Kid on the Block At about the time that Kelly was entering high school, Maxine decided to divorce Wade and start fresh in a new town. She packed up the kids and moved to Winder, Georgia, a small town located 20 minutes from Athens and an hour from Atlanta. Being a new student in a small town where most of the children grew up knowing each other made it difficult for the six-foot tall Kelly to establish friendships. When other kids were cheering on their team at the high school football games, Kelly would be working the take-out window at the local McDonalds. Maxine had strict rules concerning Kellys social life. She was not allowed to bring friends home, especially boys, and she could not date. Tagged as a loner, Kellys  classmates had little to do with her  and often referred to her as trailer trash. Any friendships that did happen did not last long. That was until her senior year when she met Mitzi Smith. Seeing that Kelly appeared lonely, Mitzi reached out to her, and their friendship flourished. Pregnancy It was also during Kellys senior year that she became pregnant. She was able to hide it for several months, but into her sixth month, Mitzi along with the rest of the school could see that she was an expectant mother. She was subjected to more ridicule by her classmates, but Mitzi stood by her and helped her get through it. Throughout the  pregnancy, Kelly refused to give the name of the babys father. She told Mitzi it could have been either a student or another guy that she knew. Either way, she was not willing to tell the name. When Larry Brookshire found out about Kellys pregnancy he reconnected with her and the two decided that the child should have his last name. In June 1986, just two weeks after Kelly graduated  high school, her son Brandon Brookshire was born. Jeff Banks A few months after Brandon was born, Kelly began dating a boy she knew in high school, Jeff Banks. A few months later they were married. The marriage lasted just six months. It ended abruptly after Larry Brookshire went after Banks with a gun because he failed to pass Larry bread during a family dinner. Now a single mother, 19-year-old Kelly moved herself and her baby back into her mothers mobile home. For the next several  months, life for Kelly continued to be one dramatic episode after another. She was  arrested for shoplifting, physically abused by Larry, was unable to remain employed, and turned to alcohol as a way to  self-medicate. Doug and Kelly Doug Gissendaner and Kelly met in March 1989 through a mutual friend. Doug was instantly attracted to Kelly and the two began dating regularly. He also took an instant liking to Kellys son Brandon. That following September they married. Any reservations Dougs parents had about the marriage was quickly put to rest when they discovered that Kelly was four months pregnant on her wedding day. After the  wedding, Doug and Kelly both lost their jobs and moved in with Kellys mother. It was not long before the bickering and fighting that had plagued Kellys life started up again, only this time it included Doug. But his upbringing did not include knowing how to out scream another family member. He just tried hard not to engage. The Army Wanting a steady income and benefits for his expectant wife, Doug decided to enlist in the Army. There he made a lot of friends and was well respected by his superiors. Being in the Army also allowed Doug enough money to send to Kelly to cover the bills, but Kelly spent the money on other things. When Dougs parents found out that the couples car was about to be  repossessed, they bailed Kelly out and paid the car notes. In August 1990, a month after their first child, Kayla, was born, Doug was shipped to Wiesbaden, Germany and Kelly and the children followed him the following month. Trouble between the two began almost immediately. When Doug was away on Army assignments for days and weeks at a time, Kelly would throw parties, and it was rumored that she was seeing other men. After several confrontations,  Kelly and the children returned to Georgia. When Doug returned home permanently in October 1991, life with Kelly was miserable. A month later Kelly decided to it was her turn to join the Army and Doug decided the marriage was over. They immediately filed for a separation and were finally divorced in May 1993. Doug Sr. and Sue Gissendaner breathed a sigh of relief. Kelly was nothing but trouble. They were glad she was out of their sons life for good. Jonathan Dakota Brookshire (Cody) Kelly and the Army did not get along. She figured her only way out was to get pregnant. By September she got her wish and was back home living with her mother. In November she gave birth to a boy she named Jonathan Dakota but called Cody. The boys father was an Army friend who had cancer and died months before the child was born. Once home Kelly began her usual job hopping and dating multiple men. One job that she landed was at the International Readers League of Atlanta. Her boss was Belinda Owens, and soon the two began socializing together and eventually became best friends. Belinda invited Kelly to her home one weekend, and she introduced her to her brother Owen. There was an immediate attraction between Kelly and Owen, and they became inseparable. A Bad Match Belinda kept a sharp eye over her brother as his relationship with Kelly grew. Things seemed to be great between them at first, but before long Kelly began throwing tantrums and fighting with Greg when he did not do what she wanted. Ultimately Belinda decided that Kelly was not a good match for her brother. She particularly did not like how  she bossed him around. When all of their  fighting  led to a breakup, Belinda felt relief. December 1994 In December 1994, Doug and Kelly rekindled their relationship. They began attending church and working on their poor financial situation. Dougs parents were upset about the reunion and when Doug asked them for money to buy a house they refused. They had already spent thousands of dollars bailing him out of the financial disaster that Kelly had created when they were married. But their opinion failed to sway Doug, and in May 1995 the two were remarried. Doug had his family back together. But by September they were once again separated and Kelly was back seeing Greg Owen. One More Time Whether it was Dougs strong desire to have a  family or his deep love for Kelly, no one can say for sure, but by the beginning of 1996,  Kelly had convinced him  once again to get back together. Doug made a full commitment to the marriage, and to give Kelly the one thing she had always dreamed of having, he got a high-interest loan and bought a small three-bedroom ranch house on Meadow Trace Drive, in a subdivision in Auburn, Georgia. There he did what subdivisions Dads do- he worked on the house, did the yard work, and played with the kids. Kelly, however, filled her spare time focused on something that had nothing to do with her family or her husband. She was back in the arms of Greg Owen. February 8, 1997 Doug and Kelly Gissendaner had been in their new house for three months. On Friday, February 7, Kelly decided to take the children to her mothers house because she was going out for the night with friends from work. Doug spent the evening working on a car over at a friends house. At around 10 p.m. he decided to call it a night and headed home. Saturday he was going to be busy doing some work for the church, and he wanted a good nights sleep. After dinner and an hour spent at a dance club, Kelly told her three friends that she wanted to go home. She said she felt like something bad was going to happen and headed home around midnight. The following morning when Kelly awoke, Doug was not there. She made some calls, including one to his parents, but he was nowhere to be found. By  mid-morning, a missing persons  report  had been filed at the police station. Initial Investigation The initial investigation into Doug Gissendaners whereabouts began on the same day that he was reported as missing. A search group was sent out along the route that he was most likely to have traveled the previous night and statements were taken from family and friends. Kelly Owens was one of the first to talk with the investigators. During that  meeting, she described her marriage to Doug as problem free. But interviews with family members and friends told a different story and one  name, in particular, kept surfacing - Greg Owen. Odd Behavior By Sunday, Dougs car had been located abandoned on a dirt road in Gwinnett County. It had been partially burned from the inside out. On the same day that the burned-out car was found, friends and family gathered in support at Doug Sr. and Sue Gissendaners house. Kelly had also been  there but decided to take the children to the circus. Dougs parents found her behavior as odd for a wife whose husband had just gone missing. The news about the car was not good, but there was still hope that Doug would be found, possibly hurt, but  hopefully not dead. But as more days went by the optimism began to fade. Kelly did a few television interviews and then went back to work the following Tuesday, just four days into the search for her husband. Twelve Days Later It took 12 days to find Doug Gissendaner. His body was discovered a mile from where his car had been found. What looked like a pile of trash ended up to be Doug, dead, on his knees, bent at the waist with his head and shoulders leaning forward and his forehead lying in the dirt. Wild animals had already had an opportunity to  do their damage to his face which was unrecognizable. An  autopsy and dental records  were  necessary to confirm that it was indeed Doug Gissendaner. According to the autopsy, Doug was stabbed four times in the scalp,  neck, and shoulder. Murder Investigation Now with a  murder investigation  to conduct, the list of people to be interviewed grew considerably, with more names added to the list daily. In the meantime, Kelly Gissendaner asked to meet with investigators again to clarify some of what she said  in  her initial statement. She admitted that the marriage had been rocky and during one of their splits, she had been involved with Greg Owen. She said that Greg Owen had threatened to kill Doug when he learned that they were back together and working on their marriage. When asked if she was still in contact with Owen, she said only once in awhile because he called her repeatedly. But all of her candor did little to persuade investigators that she was not somehow  involved in her husbands murder. In the meantime, during Dougs funeral, Kelly showed more bizarre behavior when she had family and friends wait for her arrival for over an hour from the funeral home where the memorial was  given to the cemetery where Doug was to be buried. They found out later that she had stopped for a bite to eat and to do some shopping at the Cracker Barrel. The Alibi As for Greg Owen, he gave detectives a solid alibi. His roommate confirmed what Gret told them, that he had been home the entire night that Doug went missing and had been picked up by a friend at 9 a.m. the following morning for work. The roommate later recanted his story and said Greg had left the apartment the night of the murder and he did not see him again until 8 a.m. the following morning. This was exactly what the detectives needed to get Greg Owen back in for questioning. Greg Owen Cracks With Owens alibi now busted into pieces, he was brought back in for more questioning. Investigator Doug Davis conducted a second interview with Greg on February 24, 1997. Detectives already strongly suspected that Kelly had first-hand knowledge about her husbands murder. Phone records showed that she and Greg Owens talked to each other 47 times during the days before Doug was murdered and, unlike what Kelly had told detectives about Owen constantly calling her, Kelly had initiated the calls 18 times. At  first, Owen refused to answer any questions, but when a  plea deal  was brought to the table stating that he would get life with parole after 25 years, rather than a possible death sentence if he testified against Kelly Gissendaner, he quickly agreed and began confessing to murdering Doug. He told detectives that Kelly planned it all. First, she wanted to make sure that Doug bought the house and that they had moved into for a while before he was killed. She also wanted to secure an alibi on the night of the murder. When Owen asked her why not just divorce Doug, Kelly said he would never leave her alone. He went on to explain that on the night of the murder Kelly picked him up at his apartment, drove to her house, let him inside and provided a nightstick and a knife for Owen to use to attack Doug. She instructed him to make it look like a robbery, then left and went out with her friends while Owen waited in the house for Doug to come home. He said that Doug entered the house around 11 p.m. and Owen  held the knife to his neck, and then made him drive to Luke Edwards Road which is where Kelly told him to go. He then made Doug walk up an embankment and into the woods where he told him to get down on his knees. He struck him over the head with the nightstick and stabbed him, took his wedding ring and a watch, then left him to bleed to death. Next, he drove around in Dougs car until he received a page from Kelly with a code that would indicate that the murder had taken place. She then met Owen at Luke Edwards Road and wanted to see for herself that Doug was dead so she climbed the embankment and viewed his body. Then, with kerosene which Kelly provided, they burned Dougs car. Afterward, they made calls from phone booths at around the same time; then she dropped him off at his home. At that  point, they agreed that they should not be seen together for a while. Kelly Gissendaner Is Arrested Detectives wasted no time in arresting Kelly for the murder of her husband. They went to her home on February 25, well after  midnight made the arrest and then searched the house. This time Kelly had a  new story to tell  to the police. She admitted that she saw Greg Owen the night that Doug was murdered. She went and picked him up after he called her and asked her to meet him and he told her what he did to Doug, and then threatened to do the same to her and her children if she went to the police. The detectives and prosecutor did not believe her story. Kelly Gissendaner was charged with murder, felony murder and possession of a knife during the commission of a felony. She continued to insist that she was  innocent and even turned down a  plea bargain  similar to what Greg Owen received. The Trial With no women on Georgias death row, seeking a death sentence if Gissendaner was found guilty was a risk for prosecutors, but one they decided to take. Kellys trial began on November 2, 1998. She faced a sequestered jury made up of ten women and two men. Television cameras were allowed in the courtroom. She would also be facing Doug Gissendaners father who was permitted to be in the courtroom after he gave his testimony, along with two key witnesses whose testimonies could send her straight to death row. The Witnesses Greg Owens was the states number one witness. Most of his testimony matched his confession although there were some changes. One significant difference referenced the time that Kelly showed up at the murder scene. During court  testimony, he said she was there right as he murdered Doug. He also testified that instead of them  burning Dougs car  together, she tossed a soda bottle of kerosene out of the window and he retrieved and burned the car alone. Next was Laura McDuffie, an inmate that Kelly confided in and who she asked for help in finding a witness who would take the fall for $10,000 and say that she was with Owen, not Kelly, on the night of the murder. She provided McDuffie with a map of her house and a handwritten script of what the witness should say. An expert witness testified that the script was written by Gissendaner. Other witnesses for the prosecution testified about Kellys coldness upon hearing that Doug had been found murdered and about her affair with Greg Owen. One of her closest friends, Pam, testified that after Kelly was arrested, she called Pam and told her that she killed Doug. She called her again and said that Greg Owen forced her to do it by threatening to kill herself and her children. Closing Arguments The prosecutor, George Hutchinson, and Gissendaners defense lawyer, Edwin Wilson, presented strong  closing arguments. The Defense Wilsons argument was that the state had failed to prove Kellys guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. He referred to parts of Greg Owens testimony as unbelievable, pointing out that it did not seem possible that Doug Gissendaner would not fight Owen who was considerably smaller in height and weight. Doug had combat training and had served in a combat theater in Desert Storm. He was trained in escape and evasion, yet he followed Owens instructions to go out the door of his house, and not only get in the car but unlock the passengers side of the car so that Owen could get in. He also found it hard to believe that he would willingly drive to a deserted road, get out of the car and wait while Owen got out on his side, then come around to him, leading him up a hill, into the woods, without once trying to make a run for it or fight for his life. He also pointed out that Greg received a life sentence with the possibility of parole only if he agreed to testify against Gissendaner. He attempted to discredit the testimony of Laura McDuffie, describing her as a hardcore criminal that would do anything to scratch off some of her prison time. And as for Kellys friend, Pam, who testified that the day that Kelly was arrested that she called Pam and told her, I did it, he said she simply did not hear Kelly properly. The Prosecution During Hutchinsons closing argument, he  quickly  pointed out that no one can say what was going through Doug Gissendaner mind when he encountered Owen with a knife inside his home. But the point was that Doug was dead, regardless of the exact chain of events that led to it. As to the attempt to discredit Pams testimony, Hutchinson said Wilson was reinventing and mischaracterizing evidence. And about the credibility of Laura McDuffie, Hutchinson pointed out that what she testified about did not really matter. The evidence was all that the jury needed. The script that handwriting experts testified was written by Kelly and the detailed drawing of the interior of her house backed up the testimony. He referenced the 47 phone calls between Kelly and Greg that took place days before the murder and how that exchange suddenly stopped  afterward, asking the question as to why would that pattern of activity suddenly stop? The Verdict and Sentence In the end, it took the jury two short hours to return a verdict of guilty. During the penalty phase of the trial both sides fought hard, but again, after two hours the jury had made their decision: The state of Georgia versus Kelly Renee Gissendaner, verdict as to sentencing, we the jury find beyond a reasonable doubt that statutory aggravating circumstances do exist in this case. We the jury  fix the sentence of death... Since her conviction, Gissendaner has been incarcerated at Arrendale State Prison, where she is isolated since she is the only woman out of 84 death row inmates. Execution Scheduled Kelly Gissendaner was scheduled to die by lethal injection on February 25, 2015. However, the execution was postponed to March 2, 2015, due to bad weather conditions. Gissendaner exhausted all her appeals which included a 53-page application for clemency with testimonials from a former prison warden, members of the clergy and friends and family. The victims father, Doug Gissendaner, has fought equally hard to make certain that his  ex- daughter-in-laws  sentence is carried out. A statement released by the Gissendaner family after the appeal for clemency was rejected read: â€Å"This has been a long, hard, heartbreaking road for us. Now that this chapter in this nightmare is over, Doug would want us and all of the people who loved him to find peace, to remember all the happy times and cherish memories we have of him. We should all strive every day to be the kind of person he was. Never forget him. Gissendaner Executed September 29, 2015 After multiple eleventh-hour appeals and delays, Kelly Renee Gissendaner, Georgias only woman on death row, was executed by lethal injection, prison officials said. Scheduled to die at 7 p.m. Tuesday, she died by injection of  pentobarbital  at 12:21 a.m. Wednesday. The U.S. Supreme Court denied stays of execution three times Tuesday, Georgias state Supreme Court denied a stay and the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles declined to grant her clemency following a hearing at which Gissendaners supporters offered new testimony. Even Pope Francis became involved in the case, requesting mercy for the woman who conspired with her adulterous lover to stab her husband to death in February 1997. Gissendaner was the first woman executed in Georgia in 70 years. Footnotes: The murder occurred on February 7, 1997. Gissendaner was indicted on April 30, 1997, by the Gwinnett County Grand Jury for malice murder and felony murder. The State filed written  notice  of its intent to seek the death penalty on May 6, 1997. Gissendaners trial began on November 2, 1998, and the jury found her guilty of malice murder and felony murder on November 18, 1998. The felony murder conviction was vacated by operation of law. Malcolm v. State, 263 Ga. 369(4), 434 S.E.2d 479 (1993); ?OCGA  § 16-1-7. On November 19, 1998, the jury fixed Gissendaners sentence at death. Gissendaner filed a motion for a new trial on December 16, 1998, which she amended on August 18, 1999, and which was denied on August 27, 1999. Gissendaner filed a notice of appeal on September 24, 1999. This appeal was docketed on November 9, 1999, and orally argued on February 29, 2000. The Supreme Court turned down her appeal on July 5, 2000. The State Board of Pardons and Paroles rejected Gissendaners appeal for clemency on February 25, 2015.

Multiple Meanings of the Chinese Character æ¥ (rì)

Multiple Meanings of the Chinese Character æâ€" ¥ (rà ¬) The Chinese character æâ€" ¥ (rà ¬) can be defined as day, sun, date, or day of the month. Besides being an independent character, it is also a radical. This means that æâ€" ¥ (rà ¬) is a component of other characters that often have to do with the sun or with the day. Character Evolution The character æâ€" ¥ is a pictograph depicting the sun. Its earliest form was a circle with a dot in the center, and four rays extending from the circle. The central dot has become a horizontal stroke in the modern form of this character, which makes it similar to the character ç› ® (mà ¹), which means eye. Sun Radical Here are some characters that incorporate the radical æâ€" ¥. Many Chinese words that include the sun radical are associated with daytime or brightness, but that is not always the case. æâ€" © – zÇŽo – early; morning æâ€" ± – hn – drought æâ€" ´ – xÃ… « – rising sun 明 – mà ­ng – bright; clear 星 – xÄ «ng – star æ˜ ¥ – chÃ… «n – spring (season) 晚 – wÇŽn – evening; late; night æ™  – zhà ²u – daytime æ™ ¶ – jÄ «ng – crystal æ› © – nÇŽng – in former times Mandarin Vocabulary With Rà ¬ The Chinese word for sun can also be incorporated into other vocabulary words and phrases. See this chart for a few examples: Traditional Characters Simplified Characters Pinyin English n w tin r complete darkness b r within the next few days ch shng r q date of birth gung tin hu r in broad daylight ji r holiday xng q r Sunday r ch sunrise R bn Japan r j diary shng r birthday

ITM501 MOD 4 SLP Assign Mangement Information System Essay

ITM501 MOD 4 SLP Assign Mangement Information System - Essay Example â€Å"Microsoft says cloud computing has the potential to drastically reduce time and cost of developing applications accessible to massive numbers of users† (Chan, 2009). In the modern business world, people do their work together online by using various tools in internet through online collaboration. When people work together there arises a need for sharing files, storing, online conversation etc. Collaborative working environment helps people to work individually and in a corporative way. In such an environment people can access and interact with one another within a single entity. In order to overcome the time differentials, the employee’s electronic communication as well as groupwares are supported. â€Å"Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is the field study of the way people collaborate and how special technologies impact collaboration† (Winkler, 2012). CSCW is dependent on a more social concept and it helps to develop guiding principles and explana tions for technologies. It mainly analyzes how these computers and technologies benefit and affect group behavior and also groupware designs are motivated and validated. This type of collaboration tools mainly focus on processes like communication, information sharing etc. Technology which supports group works with computers is called a groupware. The aim of this technology is to facilitate as well as widen the collaboration process. It mainly helps the people who use software to participate in a joint project.  Many such applications are developed and used these days. Different purposes are involved such as audio and video conferencing, chat systems, project management etc. Extranet helps people to work together even if they are miles away from each other. According to the usage of collaboration, hardware and software are categorized. Such tools are also differentiated on time and place basis. It can take place in the same time or different time period.   Cloud computing is the most excellent suit for various requirements of the business enterprise. The major importance is the reduction in cost in the infrastructure and the technology free atmosphere being operated. They are not dependent on the location or the infrastructure, but concerned with the consistency and the accountability in their various methods, and they contribute to the advantages of the business establishment. This type of computing manages the security of the data that has highly influential contribution to the information management. They handle the storage of the confidential data and their recovery when needed. The benefits of cloud computation are the resources available and also they formulate the resource allocation and build up the sustainability of the resources. â€Å"There are many postings this morning about the influence that cloud computing and globalization will have on the American IT Worker. IT workers who are holding on to their own data centers and not learning cloud c omputing are not keeping their skills up to date† (Morill, 2010). The efficiency of the shared resources is maximized with cloud computing. An ordinary point of discussion pertaining to cloud is the role and scope of the enterprise. In fact some organizations have planned to think altering the point of view of â€Å"cloud in the enterprise† (Price Waterhouse Coopers LLP, 2011) to â€Å"enterprises in the cloud† (Chao, 2013). This is a subtle yet important change that represents a transition in