John Locke And Edmund Burke s Political Rebellion

Both John Locke and Edmund Burke support political rebellion under specific circumstances. What differentiates these two political theorists in their discussions of revolution? Please make reference to both Second Treatise of Government and Reflections on the Revolution in France when answering this question. Cite the texts and be specific. Many philosophers and theorists have spoken on the value, or lack thereof, of revolution. In Second Treatise of Government, John Locke builds the concept of a â€Å"social contract,† which outlines responsibilities of the government and what can be done if the state fails to uphold its duties. Edmund Burke views political rebellion in a different light. He writes in Reflections on the Revolution in France that upheaval does excessive harm to the state, and, by extension, the people. While both Locke and Burke agree that rebellion is useful to the growth of a state, they differ on a few main points. First, they disagree in terms of what circumstances warrant revolution. Second, they each believe it should take different forms and work to different extents. Finally, Locke and Burke believe revolution tends to have positive or negative effects, respectively. Their views on each of these points will be discussed in turn. To understand their views on revolt, and when it is justified, one must first review the responsibilities each believes the government to have. To Locke, the government works to preserve innate rights, that is, rightsShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson2202 Words   |  9 Pages When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation (Jefferson). This is the opening paragraph to the Declaration of Independence, which is oneRead MoreOrder Of Colonization Of The Colonies1807 Words   |  8 Pages Order of colonization of the colonies: Jamestown, by the Virginia Co. of London, Plymouth by the separatist Puritans, Massachusetts Bay by John Winthrop’s permanent settlement of Puritans, then Hartford, Rhode Island, Carolina, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, which was settled by William Penn and the Quakers Rhode Island: was settled by Roger Williams when he was excommunicated by the puritans for his belief that the individual conscience was more complex and beyond the grasp of any church official

Distribution Of Childhood Obesity Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Childhood fleshiness is distributed disproportionately in different parts. Socio-economic position, racial groups, ( lobstein et.al. We will write a custom essay sample on Distribution Of Childhood Obesity Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 2006 ) being more common in lower expectary and morbidity are common in lower. Socio-economic group in developed states like U.K ( Wilkison.R A ; Marmot R ) sing these several factors. Sociological theoretical accounts strives to explicate wellness inequalities in society which contributes to childhood fleshiness. The 2nd back study ( exworthy 2003 ) identified inequalities in wellness and the ( Acheson 1988a ) concluded that socio-economic inequalities and this explore a manner with single life manners, socio-economic position ( Dahlgreen societal determiners A ; whitehead 1991 ) with several theoretical account which explains the wellness inequalities includes- Individual behavior- life style A ; civilization. In this single behaviour the nutrient wonts of the kids plays an of import function in kids from lower-income groups are more vulnerable to fleshiness due to high Calorie, high-fats in cheaper nutrients and limited physical activity ( Kumanjika 2008 ) . In Westernization or modern societal tendencies noshing, drinks, fast nutrients in eating houses and restricted physical activity by parents contributes for prevalence of childhood fleshiness in higher income groups ( ) . In support for this account about physical activity degree or sedentary activity degrees by kids have declined in U.K activity A ; inaction acts as spheres to stand for the prevalence of fleshiness ( Gortmaker et. , Al ) This single behaviour is chosen to avoid unhealthy nutrient wonts, inaction in kids and to follow healthy wonts to get the better of ill-health. This single behaviour theoretical account provides account on life manner or civilization of the parentschildren and this avoids focal point social factors for childhood fleshiness. Mostly it is individualistic and alteration in behaviour should non itself wellness inequalities for adequate to explicate childhood fleshiness. Other societal factors are to be considered which contributes for another model- The materialist Structuralist: This theoretical account focuses on societal factors and poorness as the chief factors for sick wellness associating to child goon fleshiness aa‚ ¬ † In U.K kids from low socio economic groups have somewhat higher odds than kids from higher income groups ( Stamatkis et. Al. , 2005 ) .Statically grounds shows that kids from lower income groups histories for ( 31 % ) to the kid goon fleshiness ( Wardle et al.,2006 ) . This account supports poorness, as the chief cause for sick wellness in kids of the lower societal groups. The morbidity rates are stable from 19th century in low socio economic categories and even started out of the blue increasing from last old ages of twentieth century ( Mackenbach.P.J 2006 ) . The authorities stated no being of poorness in Britain as consumer lasting ownership is even high in low income groups ( Goodman et. al. , 1997 ) .This statement failed by Breadline Britain Surveys which evidenced 20 % families are below poorness line ( Gordon 1997 ) . This account contributes information to authorities to concentrate on low societal categories to better the life criterions to get the better of sick wellness in kids. This account is supported by: Marmot reexamine report- The societal gradient of wellness inequality groundss if lower socio economic position the poorer is the wellness with inter related factors like- unemployment, lodging etc. , ( Marmot Review Report 2010 ) . This account specifies that deficiency of resources, low rewards, poorness are responsible for sick wellness in kids and these factors are out of control by the person and to better rewards, resources to the working category accent on political relations i.e. , authorities is made which adopts a exemplary Neo-Materialist theoretical account and this theoretical account stress on societal, political, economic factors which affects the wellness and these are out of control of single and includes results from organisations like schools, fast nutrient ironss etc. , ( White.K 2010 ) . This laid to an attack by authorities in supplying low fat bites repasts in schools. This mercenary theoretical account account is important to explicate about the capitalist state like U.K. The authorities is with increasing inequalities in wellness and income degrees ( Mackenbach P.J. 2006 ) . This indicates that policy devising by the authorities should look after the wages axes of the on the job category. This account is supported by the fact that U.K poorness is reversed to 1930s from 1980s ( Gordon 1997 ) . And widened income degrees in U.K from 1980s ( Wilkinson R.G ) . This mercenary theoretical account has been expanded to life class attack model- as the childhood fleshiness is underlying hazard factor for chronic diseases like cardiac diseases, diabetes mellitus, hyper tenseness etc. , ( Gortmaker.S.L et al. , 1993 ) supported by childhood fleshiness uninterrupted to adult and is affected by socio economic fortunes ( Viner M.R, Cole.T 2005 ) . The mercenary theoretical account account indicates that single wellness or behaviour is strongly influenced by factors beyond the persons control and this adopts a socio economic theoretical account ( Acheson 1998a ) deficiency resources in the society like unemployment, higher monetary values, low rewards, deficiency of houses etc. , are the societal determiners which contributes to ill wellness ( Wang 2004 ) . This provides account on relationship between single and their surrounding surveies suggests that societal fortunes play an of import function in single behaviour. Children from low socio economic position are more vulnerable to fleshiness due to faulty, cheaper nutrient high Calorie diet and limited physical activity ( ) . This deficiency of resources by parents of low income category obstructs kids signifier healthy diet, physical activity and this support that the ailment wellness, fleshiness is influenced by societal fortunes instead than single. The material resources i s supported by: Marmot Review Report- The one-year estimated cost of wellness inequalities is between A?36 billion to A?40 billion and is with societal justness for get the better ofing wellness inequalities ( Marmot Review Report 2010 ) . This supports that justness in material resources to take down income category overcomes wellness inequalities in farther coevals of kids. The socio economic theoretical account explores in sing psychosocial factors for kid goon fleshiness which is supported by kids with corpulent female parents, lower cognitive stimulation, lower income degrees are with increased hazard for fleshiness. This psychological factors focus on low self-pride, kids with unhealthy behaviour. Social procedures that are involved in childhood fleshiness are concluded by explicating hypothesis aa‚ ¬ † Relative poorness effects on kids child goon fleshiness, Living criterions, household influence on childhood fleshiness, comparing of position by kids in society. How to cite Distribution Of Childhood Obesity Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Entrepreneurship Cengage Learning

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship Cengage Learning. Answer: Introduction The concept of entrepreneurship was initially introduced in the 1700s, and since then its meaning has evolved. In simple words, entrepreneurship is regarded as starting ones own business. However, many economists believe that entrepreneurship is much more than this. Some of the economists consider an entrepreneur as the one who is willing to take risk of starting a new venture, if there is a prominent likelihood for profit (Noruzi, Westover and Rahimi, 2010). In contrast, others accentuate the role of entrepreneur as an innovator who makes profit from his or her innovation (Hyde, 2016). As per economist Joseph Schumpeter, entrepreneurship is a force of creative destruction (Westhead and Wright, 2013). Presently, economists agree to the fact that entrepreneurship is an essential ingredient for enhancing economic growth and employment prospects in all economies (Hyde, 2016). Overall, it can be stated that entrepreneurship is the practice of initiating a new business for the purpose of capitalizing on new opportunities. The entrepreneurial organisation, which will be discussed in this report, is Uber. A Brief History of Chosen Organisation The chosen organisation Uber is transportation Network Company started by entrepreneurs Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp. The company is headquartered in California, United States. The company was started when both the partners faced trouble in hailing a cab in Paris, in the year 2008. Both the entrepreneurs at that time were brainstorming different ideas for a new start-up and also made money by selling their several start-ups initiated earlier. At that time, there were apps for almost everything, but not any to book a cab; thereby they invented an app to book a cab. The simple idea was to tap a button and get a convenient ride (Uber, 2017). Garrett Camp has much experience in app designing, and thus, started prototyping for the app of Uber cab. The app was ready for testing in 2009 and the first beta test of Uber was done in New York, with just 3 cars, and people adored the service. Slowly, Uber Cab started growing, raising huge funds, expanding teams and soon cab word was dropped from its name and today it is renowned as Uber. However, the road to growth was not easy for Uber as it received threats from angry taxi drivers across the world and now the company also faces competitive threat from new cab service businesses like Lyft and Taxi.EU. In Australia Uber was launched officially in 2012 and since then, the rise has been spectacular as its market share grew above 700%. The company faced issues in Australia, where it was criticised for surging pricing and affecting the taxi business. Nevertheless, Uber has overcome all the setbacks, it was started as an app and now it has completely transformed the logistical framework of Australia. Uber used technology to deliver whatever people want, be it a cab ride, a package or a sandwich. Uber now functions in 58 countries in 300 cities and has above 1 million drivers and it is of more than $40 billion value (Clifford, 2015). Application of Entrepreneurial School(S) Of Thought to the Growth of the organisation According to Frederick, OConnor and Kuratko (2013), there are macro and micro views of entrepreneurial thoughts; the macro ones include, The Environmental School of Thought, The Financial/ Capital School of Thought and The Displacement School of Thought. However, the micro ones include The Entrepreneurial Trait School of Thought, The Venture Opportunity School of Thought, The Strategic Formulation School of Thought. Amongst all of them, the Venture Opportunity School of Thought can be applied to the growth of Uber (Kuratko, 2008). The main focus of this thought school is opportunity aspect of venture development and the focus areas is to develop the right idea at right time. It is notable that the idea of starting Uber came into the mind of two entrepreneurs when they face problems in getting a cab at a snowy night. Uber did not start with any big ambitions; rather the organisation began as the answer to that problem. The owners provided people a cheaper and a better option for the problem they used to face in hailing a cab anytime at their footstep and that too just with the push of a button (Clifford, 2015). Uber has grown so immensely because it was launched at the right time in the right place as consumers at that time were becoming more techno savvy and had an app for everything. People get driven by the convenience and the price, which Uber offered to them. With respect to Australia also, it is notable that clear pricing, superior and clean cars, anecdotally lower prices and convenience has solved several issues of riders providing them a better service. Uber is the answer not just the problems of riders in Australia, but also for the problems of drivers as it became an expedient complement to their demanding life already crowded with compulsions and clutched with bills. Thus, the Venture Opportunity School of Thought can be applied to Ubers growth because it emerged as a creative business concept that solved the problems of people in the most convenient and efficient way (Frederick, O'Connor and Kuratko, 2013). Emerging Trends that are Likely to have an Impact on the Organisations Industry One of the emerging trends that will affect the online cab service industry is the entry of new entrants and intensifying market competition. Several other apps have already started that help customers to book cab on their smartphone, such as MyTaxi in Germany, Ingogo in Australia and Cabulous in San Francisco. Passengers and taxi drivers can now see each other on a map available on their phones. Also, drivers can roll into different services to get connect with customers through smartphones. The start of free apps that are able to affect on the taxi industry, and related and the high growth of the GPS enabled smartphones, will permit the extensive availability of free apps for ordering cabs and making direct contact with drivers. Thus, Uber needs to respond to increasing competition and have to look for new ways to remain competition in the industry (Rossi, 2014). Another emerging trend that will affect the industry is related to employer-employee relationship. Uber is already facing complaints from different governments that it evades their tax liabilities on its drivers and drivers often not pay their taxes. Further, tax legislations for the industry will worsen the problem for Uber and will also imply either a hike in ride fares or the termination of Uber operations in a partcuualr city or state (Petropoulos, 2016). One of the emerging trends in Australia that will affect the organisations industry is the growing ride sharing business in the country. People in Australia are now using ride-sharing, rather than driving their personal cars. Also, individuals who formerly used public transport and individuals who would not earlier have travelled at all; now prefer the service. People are not just fascinated by the cheap fares, but the bigger benefit to consumers comes from non-price factors, like declined waiting times, cashless payments, higher availability and the user-friendly operating structure (Gilchrist and Denniss, 2015). Suggested strategies for Increasing Market Share in the Future The below mentioned are the recommendations that Uber should consider for increasing its market share in future: Uber should work on deregulating its fares; the company can regulate street-hailed rides still be regulated; however individual taxi brokerages should be permitted to establish their own rates if there is pre-booked ride. Uber functions under a contentious surge-pricing model, where regular rates can increase to double or triple the standard rates during high demand and low supply of cars. With deregulation of fares, taxi companies will get chance compete effectively (Smallbone, Leig and North, 1995). Another strategy for the company is to make its licensing rules more stringent to avoid any legal issues. Drivers should be screened thoroughly with background checks and vehicles must be investigated before taking them on road. This will help the company to function in a safer way (Lu, 2016). Uber should launch loyalty program so that customers can get stick to its services only. In this manner, a recurrent rider program can be initiated that either saves customers money or forces them to take one or two extra ride in a month to get the status of a loyal customer, similar to the loyalty program of an airline. Loyalty program would help in engaging riders who keep on switching between the manifold services (Kubal, 2015). Further, Uber should work on customizing the experience of users. Although, Uber presently did the Spotify partnership, but it demands a paid Spotify account, which restricted it for many people. Although, customizing a service is tough for a business where people press a button and get a car for ride, but few steps can be taken. Level of interaction is perhaps the easiest customization, but even other things can be done like playing favourite music of the rider (Kraus and Joseph, 2009). Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that the current report is focussed on the entrepreneurial organisation Uber, which has not just offered people a convenient cab service, but has also provided people a novel way to earn. The company has progressed transportation access and has made transportation highly reliable by providing a cab ride to customers merely at a button press. The report has discussed that The Venture Opportunity School of Thought can be applied to Ubers growth because of the business idea innovation and its creative implementation at the right time. Moreover, the trends that are likely to affect the organisations industry in future has been discussed and relevant strategies have been suggested to Uber for growth. References Clifford, C. 2015. 5 Entrepreneurial Lessons From Uber on Its 5-Year Anniversary. [Online]. Available https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/247014 [Accessed on: 23 March 2017]. Frederick, H.H., O'Connor, A. and Kuratko, D.F. 2013. Entrepreneurship. Cengage Learning. Hyde, N. 2016. What Is Entrepreneurship?. Crabtree pub. Kubal, C. 2015. Five Ways to Improve Uber or Lyft. [Online]. Available https://medium.com/@wtwht/five-ways-to-improve-uber-lyft-or-any-other-transportation-network-company-674c2871c22#.uvg8mo51a [Accessed on: 23 March 2017]. Kuratko, D.F. 2008. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice. Cengage Learning. Lu, V. 2016. 5 recommendations for Uber and other car-sharing services. [Online]. Available https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/03/31/5-recommendations-for-uber-and-other-car-sharing-services.html [Accessed on: 23 March 2017]. Noruzi, M.R., Westover, J.H. and Rahimi, G.R. 2010. An Exploration of Social Entrepreneurship in the Entrepreneurship Era. Asian Social Science, 6 (6), pp. 3-10. Petropoulos, G. 2016. Uber and the economic impact of sharing economy platforms. [Online]. Available at: https://bruegel.org/2016/02/uber-and-the-economic-impact-of-sharing-economy-platforms/ [Accessed on: 23 March 2017]. Rossi, B. 2014. The future of the UK taxi industry: is it all about the app? [Online]. Available at: https://www.information-age.com/future-uk-taxi-industry-it-all-about-app-123457912/ [Accessed on: 23 March 2017]. Uber. 2017. Finding the way. [Online]. Available at: https://www.uber.com/en-IN/our-story/ [Accessed on: 23 March 2017]. Westhead, P. and Wright, M. 2013. Entrepreneurship: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. Gilchrist, D and Denniss, R. 2015. Policy Brief The role of ridesharing in addressing Canberras transport challenges. The Australian Institute. Kraus, S and Josef, F 2009. Strategic management and entrepreneurship: Friends or foes?, Int. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 4 (1), pp. 38-50. Smallbone, D., Leig, R. and North, D. 1995. The characteristics and strategies of high growth SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 1 (3), pp.44 - 62.

Implementation of Using Gadget During Class Hours free essay sample

Technology helps people live better and easier, before people used letter for their communication but because of the modern technology nowadays people use cell phone, tablets, computers and other gadget in terms of communication and other purposes. It is no surprise then that the use of technology occurs in the classroom. In the present generation, students are obsessed in using gadget. They usually want to buy a new release gadget to satisfy their wants, as a result of this students involve gadget in their everyday life including their studies. Students use more time using gadget than studying their lesson that affects their academic performance. The implementation of using gadget during class hour will not be approved because it will affect the student’s academic performance, socialization and society negatively.Some believe that the use of gadget in the classroom plays integral role of the student’s success in the future, but I believe that using gadget during class hour is distracting students from their potential of learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Implementation of Using Gadget During Class Hours or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These devices are being used in hopes of enhancing students’ overall educational performance; students are using devices for activities such as answering questions, examining visualizations, note taking, researching, and communicating (e.g., email) (â€Å"Integrating Tech in High School,† 2012). Although the intended purposes of these devices are to improve educational experiences for the student, there have also been negative consequences from the introduction of modern technology in the classroom (Junco, 2012). Students who are using gadget during class hour cant focused on the lesson that the teacher discusses.Alarmingly, research shows that even students in proximity to other students using this technology are more likely to perform poorer in the classroom, even when they were not personally using technology (Sana, Weston, Cepeda, 2013).In general, using gadget during class hour can distract the students in their discussion that affect the academic performance of students, they are likely to perform, collaborate, and participate in class. Using gadget should not be approved so that students can focused on the discussion, perform/ participate, collaborate in the class and get a high grades.

Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940)

Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940) Can the government require people to get a special license in order to spread their religious message or promote their religious beliefs in residential neighborhoods? That used to be common, but it was challenged by Jehovahs Witnesses who argued that the government didnt have the authority to impose such restrictions on people. Fast Facts: Cantwell v. Connecticut Case Argued: March 29, 1940Decision Issued: May 20, 1940Petitioner: Newton D. Cantwell, Jesse L. Cantwell, and Russell D. Cantwell, Jehovahs Witnesses proselytizing in a predominantly Catholic neighborhood in Connecticut, who were arrested and convicted under a Connecticut statute banning the unlicensed soliciting of funds for religious or charitable purposesRespondent: The state of ConnecticutKey Question: Did the Cantwells’ convictions violate the First Amendment?  Majority Decision: Justices Hughes, McReynolds, Stone, Roberts, Black, Reed, Frankfurter, Douglas, MurphyDissenting: NoneRuling: The Supreme Court ruled that statute requiring a license to solicit for religious purposes constituted a prior restraint upon speech violating the First Amendments guarantee of free speech as well as the First and 14th Amendments guarantee of the right to the free exercise of religion. Background Information Newton Cantwell and his two sons traveled to New Haven, Connecticut, in order to promote their message as Jehovahs Witnesses. In New Haven, a statute required that anyone wishing to solicit funds or distribute materials had to apply for a license - if the official in charge found that they were a bona fide charity or religious, then a license would be granted. Otherwise, a license was denied. The Cantwells did not apply for a license because, in their opinion, the government was in no position to certify Witnesses as a religion - such a decision was simply outside the governments secular authority. As a result they were were convicted under a statute which forbade the unlicensed soliciting of funds for religious or charitable purposes, and also under a general charge of breach of the peace because they had been going door-to-door with books and pamphlets in a predominantly Roman Catholic area, playing a record entitled Enemies which attacked Catholicism. Cantwell alleged that the statute they had been convicted under infringed upon their right to free speech and challenged it in the courts. Court Decision With Justice Roberts writing the majority opinion, the Supreme Court found that statutes requiring a license to solicit for religious purposes constituted a prior restraint upon speech and gave the government too much power in determining which groups were permitted to solicit. The officer who issued licenses for solicitation was authorized to inquire whether the applicant did have a religious cause and to decline a license if in his view the cause was not religious, which gave government officials too much authority over religious questions. Such a censorship of religion as the means of determining its right to survive is a denial of liberty protected by the First Amendment and included in the liberty which is within the protection of the Fourteenth. Even if an error by the secretary can be corrected by the courts, the process still serves as an unconstitutional prior restraint: To condition the solicitation of aid for the perpetuation of religious views or systems upon a license, the grant of which rests in the exercise of a determination by state authority as to what is a religious cause, is to lay a forbidden burden upon the exercise of liberty protected by the Constitution. The breach of the peace accusation arose because the three accosted two Catholics in a strongly Catholic neighborhood and played them a phonograph record which, in their opinion, insulted the Christian religion in general and the Catholic Church in particular. The Court voided this conviction under the clear-and-present danger test, ruling that the interest sought to be upheld by the State did not justify the suppression of religious views that simply annoyed others. Cantwell and his sons may have been spreading a message that was unwelcome and disturbing, but they did not physically attack anyone. According to the Court, the Cantwells simply did not pose a threat to public order merely by spreading their message: In the realm of religious faith, and in that of political belief, sharp differences arise. In both fields the tenets of one man may seem the rankest error to his neighbor. To persuade others to his own point of view, the pleader, as we know, at times, resorts to exaggeration, to vilification of men who have been, or are, prominent in church or state, and even to false statement. But the people of this nation have ordained in the light of history, that, in spite of the probabilities of excesses and abuses, these liberties are in the long view, essential to enlightened opinion and right conduct on the part of the citizens of a democracy. Significance This judgment prohibited governments from creating special requirements for people spreading religious ideas and sharing a message in an unfriendly environment because such speech acts do not automatically represent a threat to public order. This decision was also notable because it was the first time that the Court had incorporated the Free Exercise Clause into the Fourteenth Amendment - and after this case, it always has.

The Incidents at the UCSD Campus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Incidents at the UCSD Campus - Essay Example When looking at the occurrences and seeing the reaction of the perpetrators even after their actions were being denounced by their academic institutions and the public, the perpetrators continued to fan the flames by referring to the offended students as â€Å"ungrateful niggers.† This racially inflammatory rhetoric not only displayed their insensitivity but also was a provocation, which could have easily escalated into a grave situation. The fact that a noose was hung in a public location such as the public library really takes these events to the next level and was inciting some type of reaction on the African American communities behalf. A symbol such as a flag being displayed in a public setting has a very different meaning than that of a noose and therefore these symbols should not be protected under the First Amendment. The history of nooses cannot be ignored. It has long since been a symbol of killing, death and lynching that African Americans were subjected to until only very recently in America. The United States has a history of injustice perpetrated at African Americans and these actions should be condemned because they have led us in a direction that society has worked so hard at putting behind. The United States strives to be a country of equality and acceptance. We have worked hard to pass legislation that protects our citizens; a threat to a person or group of people should be taken very seriously and protected by law. Some could argue that the right to exercise free speech allows people to express themselves without censorship and the right to express themselves without fear of being punished. They would argue that this is exactly what has led to the progress and acceptance of African Americans in society. However, these threats were meant to intimidate a group according to their race and put students that were in an environment to learn into a hostile environment where they were repeatedly being targeted by hateful and racist messages.

To what extend does Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation Essay - 2

To what extend does Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation standards improves healthcare facilities - Essay Example Therefore, collectivism can be considered the second main factor after that of religion in influencing Saudi culture. On the other hand, one of the cultural issues influencing healthcare in Saudi Arabia is consanguineous marriages. These societies prefer consanguineous marriages for various reasons such as to strengthen family relationships or to avoid financial assets or property falling into the hands of individuals outside the family (Bittles, 2001). Regarding healthcare, according to Al- Abdulkareem and Ballal (1998), consanguineous marriages have been found to be one of the causes of certain inherited blood diseases among Saudis. In 2003, the Saudi government therefore introduced a pre-marriage test to reduce the rate of such diseases. However, a study by Alsulaiman and Hewison (2006) on attitudes to the pre-natal and pre-implantation diagnosis of Saudi parents at genetic risk showed that, out of 30 couples asked, only 50% would accept such a test. In KSA, modern healthcare system and quality management did not exist until 1926. Up until then, health services had been provided by individuals not governmental authority. Healthcare and quality have organised through several stages to reach present day status. However, quality management started to appear in the public and private healthcare sectors, by many workers attracted to the idea of Total Quality Management (TQM). Dale (2007) argues that shifting TQM from the manufacturing industry to the health sector is difficult for a number of reasons: the managerial environment differs from other sectors, consumers in healthcare are different as they use the service as patients, the nature of failure, where few errors are able to be fixed and the complexity of the workforce in the health sector. All these reasons make the implementation of JCI accreditation standards in TQM or continuous quality improvement a challenging